Enesetappude ja enesetapukatsete epidemioloogiline ülevaade Eestis: uuringu raport

WHO on pidanud suitsiidikäitumise (enesetappude ja enesetapukatsete) registreerimise kvaliteeti, ajakohase epidemioloogilise ülevaate omamist globaalselt ning enesetappude ennetamist kõigis maailma maades väga oluliseks teemaks pika aja vältel. Suitsiidikäitumisega seonduv oli üheks oluliseks teemaks WHO vaimse tervise tegevuskavas (WHO, 2013), kus aastaks 2020 seati kaks globaalset eesmärki: (1) 80%-il maadest on olemas toimiv üleriigiline ja sektorite ülene vaimse tervise edendamise ja ennetamise programm; (2) suitsiidikordaja on riigiti vähenenud 10% võrra. Eesti pole kahjuks nende eesmärkide täitmiseni jõudnud. Käesoleva raporti eesmärk on anda epidemioloogiline ülevaade suitsiidikäitumisest (enesetapud ja enesetapukatsed) Eestis 21. sajandil rõhuasetusega viimastele aastatele, kasutades selleks Tervise Arengu Instituudi surmapõhjuste registri ja Eesti Haigekassa andmebaasi agregeeritud andmestikke. Seejuures on eraldi tähelepanu pööratud sotsiaal-demograafilistest teguritest tulenevale ebavõrdsusele ning suitsiidikäitumise registreerimise kvaliteedile. Raport on sisendiks Sotsiaalministeeriumi poolt koostatavale enesetappude ennetamise tegevuskavale.

Factors associated with different smoking status in European adolescents: results of the SEYLE study.

Early onset and long-term smoking are associated with physical and psychological health problems. The aim of the presented analysis was to investigate risk and influencing factors for different smoking status in a big sample of European adolescents. In the context of the "saving and empowering young lives in Europe" (SEYLE) study we surveyed 12,328 adolescents at the age of 13-17 from 11 countries. The survey took place in a school-based context using a questionnaire. Overall 58% reported the onset of ever-smoking under the age of 14 and 30.9% smoke on a daily basis. Multinomial logistic regression model showed significant positive associations between adolescent smoking and internalizing problems (suicidal behavior, direct self-injurious behavior, anxiety), externalizing problems (conduct problems, hyperactivity, substance consumption) and family problems (parental substance consumption, broken home). Our data show that smoking among adolescents is still a major public health problem and adolescents who smoke are at higher risk for mental problems. Further, adolescent smoking is associated with broken home families and parental behaviors. Therefore, early preventive measures are necessary not only for adolescents, but also for their parents.

How to adjust media recommendations on reporting suicidal behavior to new media developments.

This study examines the inclusion of preventive factors and new media developments in media recommendations on suicide reporting. Of the 193 member states of the United Nations screened for media recommendations, information was available for 74 countries. Similarities and differences in their contents were analyzed by cluster analysis. Results indicate that of these 74 countries, 38% have national suicide prevention programs, 38% have media recommendations, and 25% have press codes including suicide reporting. Less than 25% of the media recommendations advise against mentioning online forums, suicide notes, pacts, clusters, hotspots, details of the person, and positive consequences. No more than 15% refer to self-help groups, fictional and online reporting. We conclude that media recommendations need to be revised by adding these preventive factors and by including sections on new media reporting.

Sexual behavior, depressive feelings, and suicidality among Estonian school children aged 13 to 15 years.

BACKGROUND: The present paper is based on a WHO Collaborative Cross-National Study "Health Behavior in School-Aged Children (HBSC)." AIMS: It aimed at describing and analyzing how the sexual behaviors of 13- to 15-year-old Estonian school children were associated with self-reported depressive feelings and suicidality. Distinctive behavioral traits in relation to age of first sexual intercourse were also investigated. METHODS: Self-reported questionnaires from school children (n = 3,055) were analyzed. RESULTS: In total, 15.2% of school children reported being nonvirgin. Among 13-year-olds, 2.9% of girls and 6.8% of boys were nonvirgins. Approximately 25% of the 15-year-old girls and boys were nonvirgins. The likelihood of depressive feelings and suicidal ideation increased significantly in both genders with loss of virginity. Boys who had lost their virginity at 13 years or younger were 4.2 times more likely to have suicidal thoughts; comparable girls were 7.8 times more likely to have suicidal thoughts. Compared to virgins, youths who had lost their virginity reported poor self-assessed health and more risk behaviors in themselves and their peers. CONCLUSION: Experiences of sexual intercourse increased the odds ratios for depressive feelings and suicidality. The earlier sexual intercourse was initiated, the greater were the odds of lower mental well-being. Risk behaviors emerged as a complex phenomenon requiring complex prevention.